Why Louis Kelso Invented the ESOP LBO: Capital Ownership, Jobs, and the Great Depression. In today’s podcast, Louis O. Kelso (via an AI voice) recounts how witnessing the Great Depression as a teenager led him to investigate why a resource-rich economy could still produce mass unemployment and suffering. He concludes that a key free-market assumption traced to Adam Smith is wrong: real production and income come not only from labor but also from capital, whose technological rise has reduced labor’s relative share while capital ownership remains concentrated.